TEMPERATURE INVERSIONS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO AIR POLLUTION IN THE CITY PAVLODAR

Abstract

This article examines the air pollution of Pavlodar, one of the largest industrial centers of Kazakhstan, and the impact of temperature inversions on it. The Pavlodar Thermal Power Plant (TPP), the surrounding areas of large chemical and metallurgical enterprises, and the main transport routes are discussed. It is noted that a significant part of harmful components is formed under adverse meteorological factors, among which temperature inversions play a key role. These atmospheric phenomena disrupt the natural processes of vertical movement of air layers, as a result of which polluting components accumulate in the ground layer and remain there for a long time. The research work explains the physical mechanisms of temperature inversion formation, including changes in air density, heat exchange between atmospheric layers, the dependence of wind speed on height, as well as the features of the relief and urban planning that cause stagnation phenomena. The chemical composition of the polluted atmosphere is considered: the main focus is on PM 2.5 fine particles emitted by the fuel side and industrial facilities, nitrogen oxides, heavy metals, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and other compounds. These components pose a great threat to public health, cause acute and chronic respiratory diseases, and also increase the risk of cardiovascular and oncological pathologies. Based on the analysis of the data obtained and world experience, scientifically sound methods for reducing air pollution in conditions of constant temperature inversions are proposed. The main focus of the article is to assess the impact of industrial production on the atmosphere in conditions of constant temperature. The frequency and duration of inversions, their dependence on the season and climate change are also analyzed.