QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ARTEMISIA RUTIFOLIA

Abstract

Artemisia rutifolia Steph. ex Spreng. has a long history of folk medicinal usage in Kazakhstan, although rigorous study into its chemical makeup is still restricted. This study used the aerial portions of Artemisia rutifolia in Almaty Region, Kazakhstan, to determine the amounts of basic physicochemical indicators, mineral elements, and important secondary metabolites using the Kazakh National Pharmacopoeia's procedures. Chemical components in the petroleum ether and dichloromethane phases were separated and identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), followed by compound comparison and qualitative identification using the NIST14 and Wiley standard mass spectrometry databases. The analysis showed that the plant sample extracted with 50% ethanol contained 7.42% moisture, 4.58% total ash, and 35.76%. Coumarin showed the highest concentration (2.53%), followed by polysaccharides (1.30%), and saponins (1.16%). The mineral elements were primarily K (65.41 mg/100 g) and Ca (39.41 mg/100 g), with heavy metals Pb, Cd, and Ni being below WHO limits. The petroleum ether fraction contained twenty-eight compounds, the majority of which were methoxybenzene derivatives (43.80%), while the dichloromethane fraction contained 63 compounds, including methoxybenzene derivatives (25.82%), scopoletin (3.00%), sesquiterpene lactones such as ambrosin (3.36%), and various phenolic acids. In summary, A. rutifolia from this location has a variety of bioactive components having therapeutic properties. The petroleum ether fraction consists primarily of aromatic and steroidal chemicals, whereas the dichloromethane fraction is rich in sesquiterpene lactones and phenolic acids. More research into its chemical composition and active ingredients will follow.